The document presents cession as treaty settlement after military defeat. Its territorial reach included communities that had fought beside the United States, making the alliance's unequal ending visible in the text.
The United States demand an equivalent for all expenses incurred in prosecuting the war to its termination, by a cession of all the territory belonging to the Creek nation within the territories of the United States, lying west, south, and south-eastwardly, of a line to be run and described by persons duly authorized and appointed by the President of the United States: ...
Historical wording and forms retained where stated.
Modernized reading
The Muscogee Confederacy was compelled to transfer an enormous tract of land to the United States.
Plain-language reading; not a substitute for quotation.
Editorial method: The opening clause of Article 1 is reproduced; capitalization is reduced and the ellipsis marks the omitted boundary description.
Annotations
Creek nationA United States treaty category imposed on politically diverse Muscogee towns and factions.
cedeTo transfer territorial claim by treaty; here negotiated under overwhelming military coercion.
Witness and provenance
Creator
United States commissioners and Muscogee signatories
Witness used
Article 1 of the ratified treaty as printed at 7 Stat. 120 and presented with the National Archives treaty scan.
Repository or edition
National Archives and Records Administration
Collection
Ratified Indian Treaties
Identifier
Ratified Indian Treaty 61; 7 Stat. 120, art. 1
Transmission
Signed at Fort Jackson after Horseshoe Bend and preserved among United States ratified treaty records. The linked presentation includes the National Archives scan and transcript.
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